通過(guò)電腦在家辦公或者輪班等彈性工作形式在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)并不是新鮮事。但在美國(guó)，真正實(shí)行彈性工作制的公司并不多，而且很多員工對(duì)這樣的做法似乎也心存疑慮。不過(guò)如今情況有所不同。受金融危機(jī)影響，很多公司年底都不能拿出紅利來(lái)激勵(lì)員工。這個(gè)時(shí)候，縮短工作時(shí)間、鼓勵(lì)員工輪班或者干脆讓他們足不出戶在家里辦公不失為一個(gè)留住人才的好辦法。有研究標(biāo)明，工作安排靈活的員工對(duì)工作的滿意度更高而且更專注于工作。

    Tatiana Carvajal has a new job at a telecommunications company that lets her work from home, a benefit she says lured her to leave her former position, despite fewer bonuses and raises.

    "It's really nice. It was one of the things that attracted me to it and made me decide to make that change," said the mother of two who lives in Plaistow, New Hampshire.

    While flexible work arrangements are nothing new, in tough economic times some companies use telecommuting or job sharing to attract, keep and encourage employees, experts say.

    "Companies who can't say you're doing a great job, here's a 200 percent bonus this year, who are having to say there is no bonus this year or you might have to take a pay cut, can now look at this as another way to reward workers, get executives to stay," said Claire Shipman, co-author of "Womenomics: Write Your Own Rules for Success," due out in June.

    As companies grapple with strained budgets, tight credit, waning demand for products and layoffs, flexible arrangements are still available but it is hard to measure how many companies offer them, said Katherine Spencer Lee, a district president for Robert Half International, which provides companies with temporary and full-time staffing.

    Flexibility can mean letting workers shift hours once in a while, offering choices to only a few employees or working entirely from home, Lee said.

    Even so, she said, "we are seeing about the same amount of telecommuting and flexible schedules. If companies are pinched for cash, they may try to do things less cash-oriented. Certainly flexible schedules would fit into that category."

    The practice of flexible scheduling more than doubled from 1985 through the 1990s, but has not grown in the past decade, according to the Public Policy Institute of the AARP, a nonprofit organization designed to help people over age 50.

    FLEXIBLE SCHEDULES UNCOMMON IN UNITED STATES

    Fewer than a third of U.S. workers have flexible work schedules, AARP said. When it comes to telecommuting, the number drops to just 3 percent of U.S. workers, it said.

    Employees worried about their jobs tend to be reluctant to seek out such arrangements, said Ellen Galinsky of the Family Work Institute.

    "What I'm hearing is that people are more afraid to ask for it," she said. "I hear from companies, even those who want to promote flexibility, the employees are a little bit more nervous about it."

    Yet this may be the best time to ask, said Shipman, a television reporter who recently altered her work arrangement.

    "In a good economic times, the stodgy companies looked at it as nutty, crunchy, candle-lighting, feel-good stuff that was a pain and they wanted no part of it," she said.

    "But in bad economic times, even the stodgy companies are forced to get creative. Companies are going to have to start looking at everything they can to keep morale high."

    Studies show employees in flexible workplaces are more satisfied and engaged on the job, advocates say.

    At MWW Group, a public relations firm in New Jersey, founder Michael Kempner said he gets the most value in hard times from offering his 250 employees flexible schedules, short work weeks and "No Drive Workdays."

    "There are advantages in a robust economy, and there are huge advantages in a down economy," Kempner said.

    "You want to keep your people, and you want to keep them motivated when all around them their friends are being laid off," he said. "A lot of companies are in danger of their employees walking around with their heads down all day and not doing their jobs because it's a very frightening environment."