The location of protein-destroying “machines” in nerve cells in the brain may play a key role in how memories are formed – a finding that may have implications for treating Alzheimer's disease. 

    Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine examined nerve cells in the hippocampus, a region of the brain associated with memory coding and storing. The synapses, or links between nerve cells, play an important part in memory as each nerve cell in the brain connects with at least a thousand others. 

    Using mice, scientists determined the strength of these connections, and then studied how protein degradation affects connection strength. Levels of proteins are controlled by cylindrical proteasomes that are located in all cells. 

    The research, published in Learning & Memory, is the first to show that the proteasomes in different parts of nerve cells play different roles in controlling synapse strength and, presumably, in memory. 

    “We hope to exploit this finding to manipulate memory and find ways to make it better,” said Ashok Hegde, who worked on the study.

    破壞蛋白質(zhì)的“機(jī)器”在大腦神經(jīng)元中的分布可能對(duì)記憶的形成有重要影響，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于治療老年癡呆癥 (Alzheimer's disease）可能會(huì)有所啟示。

    維克森林大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院(Wake Forest University School of Medicine)的研究人員檢測(cè)了海馬體的神經(jīng)元。海馬體是大腦里與記憶的編碼、儲(chǔ)存相關(guān)的區(qū)域。神經(jīng)元間的神經(jīng)鍵（即神經(jīng)元之間的連接）對(duì)記憶影響很大，因?yàn)槊總�(gè)神經(jīng)元至少與1000個(gè)其它神經(jīng)元相連接。

    科學(xué)家對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行研究，確定了這些連接的強(qiáng)度，然后研究了蛋白質(zhì)退化是如何影響連接強(qiáng)度的。蛋白質(zhì)水平是由分布在所有細(xì)胞中的圓柱狀的蛋白酶體所控制的。

    發(fā)表在《學(xué)習(xí)與記憶》(Learning & Memory)雜志上的此項(xiàng)研究首次表明，分布在神經(jīng)元不同位置的蛋白酶體在控制神經(jīng)鍵強(qiáng)度以及記憶方面發(fā)揮不同作用。

    “我們希望利用這一發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)研究記憶問(wèn)題，并且找到讓記憶變得更好的方法，”參與這項(xiàng)研究的阿肖克•赫德格(Ashok Hegde)表示。