Some people swear that smoking cigarettes keeps them slim.

But being exposed to cigarette smoke can actually make people pile on the pounds, new research shows. 

And it is innocent victims of secondhand cigarette smoke are the most likely to gain weight.

'For people who are in a home with a smoker, particularly children, the increased risk of cardiovascular or metabolic problems is massive,' said lead author Professor Benjamin Bikman, of Brigham Young University in Utah.

Passive smoking damages the body because second-hand smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, many of which are irritants and toxins, and some of which are known to cause cancer.

Data shows half of the U.S. population is exposed at least once daily to secondhand cigarette smoke and approximately 20 per cent of young children live with someone who smokes in the home.

In the UK, it's estimated that second-hand smoke kills over 12,000 people every year from lung cancer, heart disease, stroke and the lung disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Professor Bikman, and his co-author Professor Paul Reynolds, wanted to investigate how cigarette smoke is tied to metabolism.

參考譯文：
吸煙和二手煙的危害早已經(jīng)廣為人知。

有人聲稱吸煙可以幫助減肥。一項(xiàng)新研究結(jié)果證明，吸煙不但不能幫助減肥，反而可致肥胖，而二手煙受害者更為顯著。

美國猶他州楊百翰大學(xué)的本杰明Bikman領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究找到了吸煙引發(fā)胰島素抵抗，從而導(dǎo)致體重增加的機(jī)制。在研究中，他們讓小鼠暴露于二手煙來分析了它們的代謝進(jìn)程，并得到了預(yù)期的結(jié)果——暴露于煙霧中的小鼠長胖了。

研究人員進(jìn)一步在細(xì)胞水平上分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，煙霧觸發(fā)一種被稱為神經(jīng)酰胺的微小脂質(zhì)改變細(xì)胞中的線粒體，這造成正常細(xì)胞功能障礙，并抑制細(xì)胞對胰島素的響應(yīng)能力。也就是說，被動(dòng)吸煙可改變身體對胰島素的敏感性，造成胰島素抵抗，導(dǎo)致身體需要更多的胰島素。胰島素水平的升高則導(dǎo)致身體脂肪的集聚形成肥胖。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，逆轉(zhuǎn)香煙煙霧這種影響的關(guān)鍵是抑制神經(jīng)酰胺。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，用一種已知神經(jīng)酰胺阻滯劑——多球殼菌素治療的小鼠，無論是否暴露于煙霧，均沒有出現(xiàn)代謝問題和肥胖。然而，當(dāng)暴露于煙霧的小鼠同時(shí)喂食高糖飲食，代謝干擾則不能被防止。

Bikman教授和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)正測試神經(jīng)酰胺酶抑制劑在人體使用的安全性問題。

研究者表示，有希望開發(fā)一種為無辜的二手煙受害者提供保護(hù)的治療措施。但是對于吸煙者本人卻沒有“保護(hù)療法”可用，他們唯一可以做的就是戒煙。這或許會(huì)給癮君子提供戒除煙癮的一種新動(dòng)力。