中華人民共和國高等教育法Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China

 

目錄
Contents

第一章 總則
Chapter I General Provisions

第二章 高等教育基本制度
Chapter II Basic System of Higher Education

第三章 高等學(xué)校的設(shè)立
Chapter III Establishment of Institutions of Higher Learning

第四章 高等學(xué)校的組織和活動
Chapter IV Organization and Activities of Institutions of Higher Learning

第五章 高等學(xué)校教師和其他教育工作者
Chapter V Teachers and Other Educational Workers of Institutions of Higher Learning

第六章 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生
Chapter VI Students of Institutions of Higher Learning

第七章 高等教育投入和條件保障
Chapter VII Guarantee for Input and Conditions of Higher Education

第八章 附則
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總則
Chapter I General Provisions

第一條 為了發(fā)展高等教育事業(yè)，實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)社會主義物質(zhì)文明和精神文明建設(shè)，根據(jù)憲法和教育法，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution and the Education Law for the purposes of developing the cause of higher education, implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and promoting the building of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization.

第二條 在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)從事高等教育活動，適用本法。
Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to engagement in activities of higher education within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

本法所稱高等教育，是指在完成高級中等教育基礎(chǔ)上實施的教育。
Higher education referred to in this Law means education imparted on the basis of completion of senior secondary school education.

第三條 國家堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論為指導(dǎo)，遵循憲法確定的基本原則，發(fā)展社會主義的高等教育事業(yè)。
Article 3 The state adheres to the development of the cause of socialist higher education with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping's Theory as guidance following the basic principles defined by the Constitution.

第四條 高等教育必須貫徹國家的教育方針，為社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)服務(wù)，與生產(chǎn)勞動相結(jié)合，使受教育者成為德、智、體等方面全面發(fā)展的社會主義事業(yè)的建設(shè)者和接班人。
Article 4 Higher education must implement the educational policy of the state, serve socialist modernization, integrate itself with production and labor to train those educated to be builders and successors of the socialist cause with all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique.

第五條 高等教育的任務(wù)是培養(yǎng)具有創(chuàng)新精神和實踐能力的高級專門人才，發(fā)展科學(xué)技術(shù)文化，促進(jìn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。
Article 5 The task of higher education is to train senior specialized talents with innovative spirit and practical capability, develop science, technology and culture and promote socialist modernization.

第六條 國家根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會發(fā)展的需要，制定高等教育發(fā)展規(guī)劃，舉辦高等學(xué)校，并采取多種形式積極發(fā)展高等教育事業(yè)。
Article 6 The state formulates higher education development planning, establishes institutions of higher learning and adopts various forms to actively develop the cause of higher education in accordance with the requirements of economic construction and social development.

國家鼓勵企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、社會團(tuán)體及其他社會組織和公民等社會力量依法舉辦高等學(xué)校，參與和支持高等教育事業(yè)的改革和發(fā)展。
The state encourages such social forces as enterprises, institutions, societies and other social organizations and citizens in the establishment of institutions of higher learning, participation in and rendering support for the reform and development of the cause of higher education in accordance with law.

第七條 國家按照社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)和發(fā)展社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要，根據(jù)不同類型、不同層次高等學(xué)校的實際，推進(jìn)高等教育體制改革和高等教育教學(xué)改革，優(yōu)化高等教育結(jié)構(gòu)和資源配置，提高高等教育的質(zhì)量和效益。
Article 7 The state presses ahead the reform of the higher education system and the reform of higher education teaching, optimizes the structure of and resources allocation for higher education, improve the quality and performance of higher education in the light of the actual conditions of different types and different tiers of institutions of higher learning and in accordance with the requirements of socialist modernization and development of the socialist market economy.

第八條 國家根據(jù)少數(shù)民族的特點和需要，幫助和支持少數(shù)民族地區(qū)發(fā)展高等教育事業(yè)，為少數(shù)民族培養(yǎng)高級專門人才。
Article 8 The state assists and supports minority nationality regions in the development of the cause of higher education and training of senior specialized talents for minority nationalities in the light of the characteristics and requirements of minority nationalities.

第九條 公民依法享有接受高等教育的權(quán)利。
Article 9 Citizens have the right to higher education according to law.

國家采取措施，幫助少數(shù)民族學(xué)生和經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的學(xué)生接受高等教育。
The state adopts measures to assist students of minority nationalities and students with financial difficulties to receive higher education.

高等學(xué)校必須招收符合國家規(guī)定的錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的殘疾學(xué)生入學(xué)，不得因其殘疾而拒絕招收。
Institutions of higher learning must admit disabled students who meet the admission standards set by the state and must not refuse to admit them for their disabilities.

第十條 國家依法保障高等學(xué)校中的科學(xué)研究，文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和其他文化活動的自由。
Article 10 The state safeguards the freedom of scientific research, literary and artistic creations and other cultural activities in institutions of higher learning according to law.

在高等學(xué)校中從事科學(xué)研究、文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和其他文化活動，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律。
Scientific research, literary and artistic creations and other cultural activities in institutions of higher learning should abide by law.

第十一條 高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)面向社會，依法自主辦學(xué)，實行民主管理。
Article 11 Institutions of higher learning should be geared to the needs of society, run independently and practice democratic management in accordance with law.

第十二條 國家鼓勵高等學(xué)校之間、高等學(xué)校與科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)以及企業(yè)事業(yè)組織之間開展協(xié)作，實行優(yōu)勢互補，提高教育資源的使用效益。
Article 12 The state encourages cooperation among institutions of higher learning, between institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes as well as enterprises and institutions to be mutually supplementary with reach's own advantages and improve the performance in the employment of educational resources.

國家鼓勵和支持高等教育事業(yè)的國際交流與合作。
The state encourages and supports international exchanges and cooperation for the cause of higher education.

第十三條 國務(wù)院統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理全國高等教育事業(yè)。
Article 13 The State Council uniformly leads and administers the cause of higher education nationwide.

省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的高等教育事業(yè)，管理主要為地方培養(yǎng)人才和國務(wù)院授權(quán)管理的高等學(xué)校。
People's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government coordinate with unified planning the cause of higher education within their respective administrative areas, administer the training of talents mainly for the localities and institutions of higher learning the administration of which have been authorized by the State Council.

第十四條 國務(wù)院教育行政部門主管全國高等教育工作，管理由國務(wù)院確定的主要為全國培養(yǎng)人才的高等學(xué)校。國務(wù)院其他有關(guān)部門在國務(wù)院規(guī)定的職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)，負(fù)責(zé)有關(guān)的高等教育工作。
Article 14 The department of education administration under the State Council shall take charge of the work of higher education nationwide, administer the institutions of higher learning that mainly train talents for the whole country determined by the State Council. Other departments concerned under the State Council shall be responsible for the related work of higher education within the scope of responsibilities prescribed by the State Council.

第二章 高等教育基本制度
Chapter II Basic System of Higher Education

第十五條 高等教育包括學(xué)歷教育和非學(xué)歷教育。
Article 15 Higher education consists of curricula education and non-curricula education.

高等教育采用全日制和非全日制教育形式。
Higher education adopts the educational forms of full-time system and non-full-time system.

國家支持采用廣播、電視、函授及其他遠(yuǎn)程教育方式實施高等教育。
The state supports the adoption of broadcast, television, correspondence and other modes of distance education to impart higher education.

第十六條 高等學(xué)歷教育分為�？平逃�、本科教育和研究生教育。
Article 16 Higher curricula education is divided into specialty education, undergraduate education and post graduate education.

高等學(xué)歷教育應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列學(xué)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
Higher curricula education should meet the following standards for school work:

（一）專科教育應(yīng)當(dāng)使學(xué)生掌握本專業(yè)必備的基礎(chǔ)理論、專門知識，具有從事本專業(yè)實際工作的基本技能和初步能力；
(1)specialty education should enable students to master the basic theory and basic knowledge essential for the respective specialty and acquire the basic skills and initial capability for the practical work of the respective specialty;

（二）本科教育應(yīng)當(dāng)使學(xué)生比較系統(tǒng)地掌握本學(xué)科、專業(yè)必需的基礎(chǔ)理論、基本知識，掌握本專業(yè)必要的基本技能、方法和相關(guān)知識，具有從事本專業(yè)實際工作和研究工作的初步能力；
(2)undergraduate education should enable students to systematically master the basic theory and basic knowledge necessary for the respective discipline and specialty, master the basic skills, techniques and related know-how necessary for the respective specialty and acquire initial capability for the practical work and research work of the respective specialty; and

（三）碩士研究生教育應(yīng)當(dāng)使學(xué)生掌握本學(xué)科堅實的基礎(chǔ)理論、系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)知識，掌握相應(yīng)的技能、方法和相關(guān)知識，具有從事本專業(yè)實際工作和科學(xué)研究工作的能力。博士研究生教育應(yīng)當(dāng)使學(xué)生掌握本學(xué)科堅實寬廣的基礎(chǔ)理論、系統(tǒng)深入的專業(yè)知識、相應(yīng)的技能和方法，具有獨立從事本學(xué)科創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)研究工作和實際工作的能力。
(3)master's post graduate education should enable students to master firm basic theory of the respective discipline, systematic specialty knowledge, master corresponding skills, techniques and related know-how, and acquire capabilities for the practical work and scientific research work of the respective specialty. Doctoral post graduate education should enable students to master firm and broad basic theory, systematic and in-depth specialty knowledge and corresponding skills and techniques, and acquire capabilities for independent creative scientific research work and practical work of the respective discipline.

第十七條 �？平逃�的基本修業(yè)年限為二至三年，本科教育的基本修業(yè)年限為四至五年，碩士研究生教育的基本修業(yè)年限為二至三年，博士研究生教育的基本修業(yè)年限為三至四年。非全日制高等學(xué)歷教育的修業(yè)年限應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)延長。高等學(xué)校根據(jù)實際需要，報主管的教育行政部門批準(zhǔn)，可以對本學(xué)校的修業(yè)年限作出調(diào)整。
Article 17 The basic length of schooling for specialty education shall be two to three years, the basic length of schooling for undergraduate education shall be four to five years, the basic length of schooling for master's post graduate education shall be two to three years and the basic length of schooling for doctoral post graduate education shall be three to four years. The length of schooling for non-full-time higher curricula education should be adequately extended. Institutions of higher learning may adjust the length of schooling of the respective schools in the light of actual requirements subject to the approval of the competent department of education administration.

第十八條 高等教育由高等學(xué)校和其他高等教育機構(gòu)實施。
Article 18 Higher education shall be imparted by institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education.

大學(xué)、獨立設(shè)置的學(xué)院主要實施本科及本科以上教育。高等專科學(xué)校實施�？平逃�。經(jīng)國務(wù)院教育行政部門批準(zhǔn)，科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)可以承擔(dān)研究生教育的任務(wù)。
Universities and independently established colleges(schools) mainly impart undergraduate and postgraduate education. Higher specialty institutions impart specialty education. Scientific research institutes may, subject to the approval of the department of education administration under the State Council, undertake the task of postgraduate education.

其他高等教育機構(gòu)實施非學(xué)歷高等教育。
Other institutions of higher education impart non-curricula higher education.

第十九條 高級中等教育畢業(yè)或者具有同等學(xué)力的，經(jīng)考試合格，由實施相應(yīng)學(xué)歷教育的高等學(xué)校錄取，取得專科生或者本科生入學(xué)資格。
Article 19 Graduates of senior secondary school education or those with equivalent educational level shall, upon passing the examination, be admitted by institutions of higher learning imparting corresponding curricula education, and obtain the qualification for admission as specialty students or undergraduate students.

本科畢業(yè)或者具有同等學(xué)力的，經(jīng)考試合格，由實施相應(yīng)學(xué)歷教育的高等學(xué)�；蛘呓�(jīng)批準(zhǔn)承擔(dān)研究生教育任務(wù)的科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)錄取，取得碩士研究生入學(xué)資格。
Graduates of undergraduate course or those with equivalent educational level shall, upon passing the examination, be admitted by institutions of higher learning imparting corresponding curricula education or scientific research institutes approved to undertake the task of post graduate education and obtain the qualification for admission as master's post graduate students.

碩士研究生畢業(yè)或者具有同等學(xué)力的，經(jīng)考試合格，由實施相應(yīng)學(xué)歷教育的高等學(xué)�；蛘呓�(jīng)批準(zhǔn)承擔(dān)研究生教育任務(wù)的科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)錄取，取得博士研究生入學(xué)資格。
Graduates of master's post graduate course or those with equivalent educational level shall, upon passing the examination, be admitted by institutions of higher learning imparting corresponding curricula education or scientific research institutes approved to undertake the task of post graduate education and obtain the qualification for admission as doctoral post graduate students.

允許特定學(xué)科和專業(yè)的本科畢業(yè)生直接取得博士研究生入學(xué)資格，具體辦法由國務(wù)院教育行政部門規(guī)定。
It shall be permissible for university graduates of specific disciplines and specialties to directly obtain the qualification for admission as doctoral postgraduate students. Specific measures shall be worked out by the department of education administration under the State Council.

第二十條 接受高等學(xué)歷教育的學(xué)生，由所在高等學(xué)�；蛘呓�(jīng)批準(zhǔn)承擔(dān)研究生教育任務(wù)的科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)根據(jù)其修業(yè)年限、學(xué)業(yè)成績等，按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，發(fā)給相應(yīng)的學(xué)歷證書或者其他學(xué)業(yè)證書。
Article 20 Students receiving higher curricula education shall be issued corresponding certificates of educational background or other certificates of studies by the institutions of higher learning or scientific research institutes approved to undertake the task of post graduate education they have been in on the basis of the length of schooling and achievements in studies in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

接受非學(xué)歷高等教育的學(xué)生，由所在高等學(xué)�；蛘咂渌�高等教育機構(gòu)發(fā)給相應(yīng)的結(jié)業(yè)證書。結(jié)業(yè)證書應(yīng)當(dāng)載明修業(yè)年限和學(xué)業(yè)內(nèi)容。
Students receiving non-curricula higher education shall be issued corresponding certificates of completion of studies by the institutions of higher learning or other institutions of higher education. Certificates of completion of studies should carry length of schooling and contents of studies.

第二十一條 國家實行高等教育自學(xué)考試制度，經(jīng)考試合格的，發(fā)給相應(yīng)的學(xué)歷證書或者其他學(xué)業(yè)證書。
Article 21 The state practices self-taught higher education examination system. Students having passed the examination shall be issued corresponding certificates of educational background or other certificates of studies.

第二十二條 國家實行學(xué)位制度。學(xué)位分為學(xué)士、碩士和博士。
Article 22 The state practices the academic degree system. The degrees are divided into the bachelor's degree, the master's degree and the doctor's degree.

公民通過接受高等教育或者自學(xué)，其學(xué)業(yè)水平達(dá)到國家規(guī)定的學(xué)位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以向?qū)W位授予單位申請授予相應(yīng)的學(xué)位。
Citizens whose educational level has reached the standards for degrees set by the state through receiving higher education or self-study may apply to degree-awarding units for corresponding degrees.

第二十三條 高等學(xué)校和其他高等教育機構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)社會需要和自身辦學(xué)條件，承擔(dān)實施繼續(xù)教育的工作。
Article 23 Institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education should, in accordance with the requirements of society and their own conditions for running education, undertake the work of imparting continuing education.

第三章 高等學(xué)校的設(shè)立
Chapter III Establishment of Institutions of Higher Learning

第二十四條 設(shè)立高等學(xué)校，應(yīng)當(dāng)符合國家高等教育發(fā)展規(guī)劃，符合國家利益和社會公共利益，不得以營利為目的。
Article 24 Establishment of an institution of higher learning should conform to the state higher education development planning, accord with state interests and public interest of society and must not take profit making as the object.

第二十五條 設(shè)立高等學(xué)校，應(yīng)當(dāng)具備教育法規(guī)定的基本條件。
Article 25 The basic conditions prescribed by the Education Law should be met for the establishment of an institution of higher learning.

大學(xué)或者獨立設(shè)置的學(xué)院還應(yīng)當(dāng)具有較強的教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究力量，較高的教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究水平和相應(yīng)規(guī)模，能夠?qū)嵤┍究萍氨究埔陨辖逃��?
A university or an independently established college(school) should as well have strong teaching and scientific research staff, higher teaching and scientific research level and corresponding scale and be in a position to impart undergraduate and above-undergraduate education.

大學(xué)還必須設(shè)有三個以上國家規(guī)定的學(xué)科門類為主要學(xué)科。
A university must also have more than three departments of disciplines prescribed by the state as major disciplines.

設(shè)立高等學(xué)校的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由國務(wù)院制定。
Specific standards for the establishment of institutions of higher learning shall be formulated by the State Council.

設(shè)立其他高等教育機構(gòu)的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由國務(wù)院授權(quán)的有關(guān)部門或者省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府根據(jù)國務(wù)院規(guī)定的原則制定。
Specific standards for the establishment of other institutions of higher education shall be formulated by the departments concerned authorized by the State Council or people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in accordance with the principles prescribed by the State Council.

第二十六條 設(shè)立高等學(xué)校，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)其層次、類型、所設(shè)學(xué)科類別、規(guī)模、教學(xué)和科學(xué)研究水平，使用相應(yīng)的名稱。
Article 26 Corresponding names should be used for the establishment of institutions of higher learning in accordance with their respective tiers, categories, departments of disciplines, scale, teaching and scientific research levels.

第二十七條 申請設(shè)立高等學(xué)校的，應(yīng)當(dāng)向?qū)徟鷻C關(guān)提交下列材料：
Article 27 Whoever applies for the establishment of an institution of higher learning should present the following materials to the organ of examination and approval:

（一）申辦報告；
(1)a report on the application for the establishment;

（二）可行性論證材料；
(2)materials on feasibility authentication;

（三）章程；
(3)articles of association; and

（四）審批機關(guān)依照本法規(guī)定要求提供的其他材料。
(4)other materials the presentation of which is required by the organ of examination and approval pursuant to the provisions of this Law.

第二十八條 高等學(xué)校的章程應(yīng)當(dāng)規(guī)定以下事項：
Article 28 Articles of association of an institution of higher learning should specify the following particulars:

（一）學(xué)校名稱、校址；
(1)name and address of the institution;

（二）辦學(xué)宗旨；
(2)aims of establishment of the institution;

（三）辦學(xué)規(guī)模；
(3)scale of the institution;

（四）學(xué)科門類的設(shè)置；
(4)establishment of departments of disciplines;

（五）教育形式；
(5)mode of education;

（六）內(nèi)部管理體制；
(6)internal administrative system;

（七）經(jīng)費來源、財產(chǎn)和財務(wù)制度；
(7)sources of funds, properties and financial rules;

（八）舉辦者與學(xué)校之間的權(quán)利、義務(wù)；
(8)rights and obligations between the sponsor(s) and the institution;

（九）章程修改程序；
(9)procedures for the revision of articles of association; and

（十）其他必須由章程規(guī)定的事項。
(10)other matters that must be provided for by articles of association.

第二十九條 設(shè)立高等學(xué)校由國務(wù)院教育行政部門審批，其中設(shè)立實施專科教育的高等學(xué)校，經(jīng)國務(wù)院授權(quán)，也可以由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府審批；
Article 29 Establishment of institutions of higher learning shall be subject to the examination and approval of the department of education administration under the State Council, among them establishment of institutions of higher learning imparting specialty education may be subject to the examination and approval of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government upon authorization by the State Council;

設(shè)立其他高等教育機構(gòu)，由國務(wù)院授權(quán)的有關(guān)部門或者省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府審批。對不符合規(guī)定條件審批設(shè)立的高等學(xué)校和其他高等教育機構(gòu)，國務(wù)院教育行政部門有權(quán)予以撤銷。
establishment of other institutions of higher education shall be subject to the examination and approval of the departments concerned authorized by the State Council or people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The department of education administration under the State Council has the power to nullify the institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education the establishment of which have been examined and approved not conforming to the prescribed conditions.

審批高等學(xué)校的設(shè)立，應(yīng)當(dāng)聘請由專家組成的評議機構(gòu)評議。
Evaluation and reviewing institution consisting of specialists should be employed to conduct evaluation and review for the examination and approval of the establishment of institutions of higher learning.

高等學(xué)校和其他高等教育機構(gòu)分立、合并、終止，變更名稱、類別和其他重要事項，由原審批機關(guān)審批；
Separation, amalgamation and termination of institutions of higher learning and other institutions of higher education, change in name and category and other important matters shall be subject to the examination and approval of the original examination and approval organ;

章程的修改，應(yīng)當(dāng)報原審批機關(guān)核準(zhǔn)。
revision of articles of association shall be submitted to the original examination and approval organ for verification and approval.

第四章 高等學(xué)校的組織和活動
Chapter IV Organization and Activities of Institutions of Higher Learning

第三十條 高等學(xué)校自批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立之日起取得法人資格。高等學(xué)校的校長為高等學(xué)校的法定代表人。
Article 30 An institution of higher learning obtains the qualification of a legal entity as of the date of approval for its establishment. The president of the institution of higher learning shall be the legal representative of the institution of higher learning.

高等學(xué)校在民事活動中依法享有民事權(quán)利，承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。
An institution of higher learning has civil rights in accordance with law in civil activities and bears civil liability.

第三十一條 高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)以培養(yǎng)人才為中心，開展教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究和社會服務(wù)，保證教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量達(dá)到國家規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Article 31 Institutions of higher learning should carry out teaching, scientific research and social services centering round training talents to guarantee that educational and teaching quality reaches standards prescribed by the state.

第三十二條 高等學(xué)校根據(jù)社會需求、辦學(xué)條件和國家核定的辦學(xué)規(guī)模，制定招生方案，自主調(diào)節(jié)系科招生比例。
Article 32 Institutions of higher learning work out schemes for admission and independently regulate the percentage of admission for departments and disciplines in accordance with the requirements and demand of society, conditions for running the institution and scale of the institution verified by the state.

第三十三條 高等學(xué)校依法自主設(shè)置和調(diào)整學(xué)科、專業(yè)。
Article 33 Institutions of higher learning independently set up and adjust disciplines and specialties.

第三十四條 高等學(xué)校根據(jù)教學(xué)需要，自主制定教學(xué)計劃、選編教材、組織實施教學(xué)活動。
Article 34 Institutions of higher learning independently work out teaching plans, select and compile textbooks and organize activities of imparting teaching in accordance with the requirements of teaching.

第三十五條 高等學(xué)校根據(jù)自身條件，自主開展科學(xué)研究、技術(shù)開發(fā)和社會服務(wù)。
Article 35 Institutions of higher learning independently conduct scientific research, technological development and social services in the light of their own conditions.

國家鼓勵高等學(xué)校同企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、社會團(tuán)體及其他社會組織在科學(xué)研究、技術(shù)開發(fā)和推廣等方面進(jìn)行多種形式的合作。
The state encourages cooperation in diverse forms between institutions of higher learning and enterprises, institutions, societies and other social organizations in scientific research, technological development and extension.

國家支持具備條件的高等學(xué)校成為國家科學(xué)研究基地。
The state supports those institutions of higher learning where conditions mature becoming state scientific research bases.

第三十六條 高等學(xué)校按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，自主開展與境外高等學(xué)校之間的科學(xué)技術(shù)文化交流與合作。
Article 36 Institutions of higher learning independently carry out scientific, technological and cultural exchanges and cooperation with foreign institutions of higher learning in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

第三十七條 高等學(xué)校根據(jù)實際需要和精簡、效能的原則，自主確定教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究、行政職能部門等內(nèi)部組織機構(gòu)的設(shè)置和人員配備；
Article 37 Institutions of higher learning independently decide on the setting up and personnel employment of such internal organizational structures as teaching, scientific research and administrative functional departments in the light of actual requirements and in accordance with the principle of streamlining and efficiency;

按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，評聘教師和其他專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的職務(wù)，調(diào)整津貼及工資分配。
assess the positions of teachers and other specialized technical personnel, adjust the allocation of subsidies and salary in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

第三十八條 高等學(xué)校對舉辦者提供的財產(chǎn)、國家財政性資助、受捐贈財產(chǎn)依法自主管理和使用。
Article 38 Institutions of higher learning independently administer and use the property provided by the sponsor(s), state financial subsidy and properties donated and granted in accordance with law.

高等學(xué)校不得將用于教學(xué)和科學(xué)研究活動的財產(chǎn)挪作他用。
Institutions of higher learning must not use the property for teaching and scientific research activities for other purposes.

第三十九條 國家舉辦的高等學(xué)校實行中國*高等學(xué)校基層委員會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的校長負(fù)責(zé)制。
Article 39 The state-run institutions of higher learning practice the president responsibility system under the leadership of the grass-roots committees of the Chinese Communist Party in institutions of higher learning.

中國*高等學(xué)校基層委員會按照中國*章程和有關(guān)規(guī)定，統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)校工作，支持校長獨立負(fù)責(zé)地行使職權(quán)，其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職責(zé)主要是：
In accordance with the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, the grass-roots committees of the Chinese Communist Party in institutions of higher learning exercise unified leadership over school work and support the presidents in independently and responsibly discharging their duties, their responsibilities of leadership are mainly as follows:

執(zhí)行中國*的路線、方針、政策，堅持社會主義辦學(xué)方向，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)校的思想政治工作和德育工作，討論決定學(xué)校內(nèi)部組織機構(gòu)的設(shè)置和內(nèi)部組織機構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人的人選，討論決定學(xué)校的改革、發(fā)展和基本管理制度等重大事項，保證以培養(yǎng)人才為中心的各項任務(wù)的完成。
to implement the line and policies of the Chinese Communist Party, adhere to the socialist orientation of running the institutions, exercise leadership over ideological and political work and work related to morality in the institutions, hold discussions and take decisions on the set-up of internal organizational structures and candidates for the persons-in-charge of internal organizational structures, hold discussions and take decisions on such major matters as the reform, development and basic administrative rules of the institutions to ensure the completion of various tasks centered round training of talents.

社會力量舉辦的高等學(xué)校的內(nèi)部管理體制按照國家有關(guān)社會力量辦學(xué)的規(guī)定確定。
Internal management system of institutions of higher learning run by social forces shall be determined in accordance with the provision of the state concerning running of schools by social forces.

第四十條 高等學(xué)校的校長，由符合教育法規(guī)定的任職條件的公民擔(dān)任。
Article 40 Presidency of institutions of higher learning shall be taken up by citizens conforming to the qualifications for the office prescribed by the Education Law.

高等學(xué)校的校長、副校長按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定任免。
Appointment and relief from duties of presidents and vice presidents of institutions of higher learning shall be made pursuant to the relevant provisions of the state.

第四十一條 高等學(xué)校的校長全面負(fù)責(zé)本學(xué)校的教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究和其他行政管理工作，行使下列職權(quán)：
Article 41 The president of an institution of higher learning shall be fully responsible for the teaching, scientific research and other administrative work of the respective institution and exercise the following duties and powers:

（一）擬訂發(fā)展規(guī)劃，制定具體規(guī)章制度和年度工作計劃并組織實施；
(1)to draft development planning, formulate specific rules and regulations and annual work plan and organize their implementation;

（二）組織教學(xué)活動、科學(xué)研究和思想品德教育；
(2)to organize teaching activities, scientific research and ideological and moral education;

（三）擬訂內(nèi)部組織機構(gòu)的設(shè)置方案，推薦副校長人選，任免內(nèi)部組織機構(gòu)的負(fù)責(zé)人；
(3)to draft schemes for the setting up of internal organizations, recommend candidates for vice presidency, appoint and relieve persons-in charge of internal organizations;

（四）聘任與解聘教師以及內(nèi)部其他工作人員，對學(xué)生進(jìn)行學(xué)籍管理并實施獎勵或者處分；
(4)to employ and dismiss teachers and other internal workers, administer students' school roll and give rewards or impose penalties;

（五）擬訂和執(zhí)行年度經(jīng)費預(yù)算方案，保護(hù)和管理校產(chǎn)，維護(hù)學(xué)校的合法權(quán)益；
(5)to draft and implement annual fund budget proposal, protect and manage school properties and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the school; and

（六）章程規(guī)定的其他職權(quán)。
(6)other duties and powers provided for in the articles of association.

高等學(xué)校的校長主持校長辦公會議或者校務(wù)會議，處理前款規(guī)定的有關(guān)事項。
The president of an institution of higher learning chairs the president's administrative meeting or the institution's administrative meeting and handles the relevant matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

第四十二條 高等學(xué)校設(shè)立學(xué)術(shù)委員會，審議學(xué)科、專業(yè)的設(shè)置，教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究計劃方案，評定教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究成果等有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)事項。
Article 42 An institution of higher learning establishes an academic committee for the review of such relevant academic matters as setting up of disciplines and specialties, proposals of teaching plan and scientific research plan, and evaluate achievements in teaching and scientific research.

第四十三條 高等學(xué)校通過以教師為主體的教職工代表大會等組織形式，依法保障教職工參與民主管理和監(jiān)督，維護(hù)教職工合法權(quán)益。
Article 43 Institutions of higher learning guarantee the participation of teaching and administrative staff in democratic management and supervision and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of teaching and administrative staff in accordance with law in the organizational form of the conference of representatives of teaching and administrative staff with teachers as the main body.

第四十四條 高等學(xué)校的辦學(xué)水平、教育質(zhì)量，接受教育行政部門的監(jiān)督和由其組織的評估。
Article 44 Levels of running a school and educational quality of institutions of higher learning shall be subject to the supervision of departments of education administration and the evaluation organized by them.

第五章 高等學(xué)校教師和其他教育工作者
Chapter V Teachers and Other Educational Workers of Institutions of Higher Learning

第四十五條 高等學(xué)校的教師及其他教育工作者享有法律規(guī)定的權(quán)利，履行法律規(guī)定的義務(wù)，忠誠于人民的教育事業(yè)。
Article 45 Teachers and other educational workers of institutions of higher learning have the rights prescribed by law, fulfill the obligations prescribed by law and shall be faithful to the educational cause of the people.

第四十六條 高等學(xué)校實行教師資格制度。
Article 46 Institutions of higher learning practice the teachers' qualification system.

中國公民凡遵守憲法和法律，熱愛教育事業(yè)，具有良好的思想品德，具備研究生或者大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)學(xué)歷，有相應(yīng)的教育教學(xué)能力，經(jīng)認(rèn)定合格，可以取得高等學(xué)校教師資格。
Chinese citizens who abide by the Constitution and laws, ardently love the educational cause, have good ideology and moral character, have an educational background of graduation of post graduate course or graduates of regular college course and have corresponding educational and teaching capabilities may, upon confirmation of being qualified, acquire the qualification of teachers of institutions of higher learning.

不具備研究生或者大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)學(xué)歷的公民，學(xué)有所長，通過國家教師資格考試，經(jīng)認(rèn)定合格，也可以取得高等學(xué)校教師資格。
Those citizens without the educational background of graduation of post graduate course or graduates of regular college course who have acquired a specialty from study and passed the state examination for teachers' qualification may also, upon confirmation of being qualified, acquire the qualification of teachers of institutions of higher learning.

第四十七條 高等學(xué)校實行教師職務(wù)制度。
Article 47 Institutions of higher learning practice the teachers' position system.

高等學(xué)校教師職務(wù)根據(jù)學(xué)校所承擔(dān)的教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究等任務(wù)的需要設(shè)置。
Teachers'positions of institutions of higher learning shall be set up in accordance with the requirements of the tasks in teaching, scientific research undertaken by the institutions.

教師職務(wù)設(shè)助教、講師、副教授、教授。
Teachers' positions include assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor.

高等學(xué)校的教師取得前款規(guī)定的職務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)具備下列基本條件：
Teachers of institutions of higher learning should meet the following basic conditions for acquiring the positions prescribed in the preceding paragraph:

（一）取得高等學(xué)校教師資格；
(1)one who has acquired the teacher's qualification for an institution of higher learning;

（二）系統(tǒng)地掌握本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)理論；
(2)one who has a systematic mastery of the basic theory of the respective discipline;

（三）具備相應(yīng)職務(wù)的教育教學(xué)能力和科學(xué)研究能力；
(3)one who has the educational and teaching capability and scientific research capability of the corresponding position; and

（四）承擔(dān)相應(yīng)職務(wù)的課程和規(guī)定課時的教學(xué)任務(wù)。
(4)one who undertakes the courses and teaching task of prescribed periods of the corresponding position.

教授、副教授除應(yīng)當(dāng)具備以上基本任職條件外，還應(yīng)當(dāng)對本學(xué)科具有系統(tǒng)而堅實的基礎(chǔ)理論和比較豐富的教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究經(jīng)驗，教學(xué)成績顯著，論文或者著作達(dá)到較高水平或者有突出的教學(xué)、科學(xué)研究成果。
Professors and associate professors should, in addition to having the above basic conditions for taking up the position, also have systematic and firm basic theory of the respective discipline and rich experiences in teaching and scientific research, with remarkable achievements in teaching, theses and works reaching high level or has outstanding achievements in teaching and scientific research.

高等學(xué)校教師職務(wù)的具體任職條件由國務(wù)院規(guī)定。
Specific conditions for taking up positions for the positions of teachers of institutions of higher learning shall be prescribed by the State Council.

第四十八條 高等學(xué)校實行教師聘任制。
Article 48 Institutions of higher learning practice the teachers' employment system.

教師經(jīng)評定具備任職條件的，由高等學(xué)校按照教師職務(wù)的職責(zé)、條件和任期聘任。
Teachers who have the qualification for taking up the position upon evaluation shall be employed by institutions of higher learning in accordance with the responsibilities, conditions and terms of office of teachers' positions.

高等學(xué)校的教師的聘任，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循雙方平等自愿的原則，由高等學(xué)校校長與受聘教師簽訂聘任合同。
Employment of teachers of institutions of higher learning should abide by the principle of mutual equality and voluntarism, and an employment contract shall be signed by the president of an institution of higher learning and the teacher who accepts the employment.

第四十九條 高等學(xué)校的管理人員，實行教育職員制度。高等學(xué)校的教學(xué)輔助人員及其他專業(yè)技術(shù)人員，實行專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)聘任制度。
Article 49 Institutions of higher learning practice the educational staff system for administrators. Institutions of higher learning practice the specialty technical position employment system for auxiliary teaching staff and other specialty technical staff.

第五十條 國家保護(hù)高等學(xué)校教師及其他教育工作者的合法權(quán)益，采取措施改善高等學(xué)校教師及其他教育工作者的工作條件和生活條件。
Article 50 The state protects the legitimate rights and interests of teachers and other educational workers of institutions of higher learning, takes measures to improve the working conditions and living conditions of teachers and other educational workers of institutions of higher learning.

第五十一條 高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)為教師參加培訓(xùn)、開展科學(xué)研究和進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)交流提供便利條件。
Article 51 Institutions of higher learning should provide facilities for teachers' participation in training, conducting scientific research and academic exchanges.

高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)對教師、管理人員和教學(xué)輔助人員及其他專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的思想政治表現(xiàn)、職業(yè)道德、業(yè)務(wù)水平和工作實績進(jìn)行考核，考核結(jié)果作為聘任或者解聘、晉升、獎勵或者處分的依據(jù)。
Institutions of higher learning should check up the ideological and political performance, professional ethics, professional level and actual achievements in work of teachers, administrators, auxiliary teaching staff and other specialized technical personnel. Results of the check-up shall constitute the basis of employment or dismissal, promotion, rewards or penalties.

第五十二條 高等學(xué)校的教師、管理人員和教學(xué)輔助人員及其他專業(yè)技術(shù)人員，應(yīng)當(dāng)以教學(xué)和培養(yǎng)人才為中心做好本職工作。
Article 52 Teachers, administrators and auxiliary teaching staff as well as other specialized technical personnel of institutions of higher learning should do their respective work well centering around teaching and training of talents.

第六章 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生
Chapter VI Students of Institutions of Higher Learning

第五十三條 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、法規(guī)，遵守學(xué)生行為規(guī)范和學(xué)校的各項管理制度，尊敬師長，刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，增強體質(zhì)，樹立愛國主義、集體主義和社會主義思想，努力學(xué)習(xí)馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論，具有良好的思想品德，掌握較高的科學(xué)文化知識和專業(yè)技能。
Article 53 Students of institutions of higher learning should abide by laws and regulations, abide by students' code of conduct and the institutions' various administrative rules, respect teachers, study hard, strengthen their physique, foster ideas of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, strive to learn Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping's Theory, have good ideological morality and master high-level scientific and cultural knowledge and specialized skills.

高等學(xué)校學(xué)生的合法權(quán)益，受法律保護(hù)。
The legitimate rights and interests of students of institutions of higher learning are protected by law.

第五十四條 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國家規(guī)定繳納學(xué)費。
Article 54 Students of institutions of higher learning should pay a tuition fee in accordance with state provisions.

家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的學(xué)生，可以申請補助或者減免學(xué)費。
Students whose families are financially difficult may apply for subsidy or reduction and exemption of the tuition fee.

第五十五條 國家設(shè)立獎學(xué)金，并鼓勵高等學(xué)校、企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、社會團(tuán)體以及其他社會組織和個人按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定設(shè)立各種形式的獎學(xué)金，對品學(xué)兼優(yōu)的學(xué)生、國家規(guī)定的專業(yè)的學(xué)生以及到國家規(guī)定的地區(qū)工作的學(xué)生給予獎勵。
Article 55 The state establishes scholarships and encourages institutions of higher learning, enterprises and institutions, societies as well other social organizations and individuals in the establishment of scholarships of various forms in accordance with relevant state provisions, and give rewards to students of good character and scholarship, students of the specialties prescribed by the state and students who go to work in regions determined by the state.

國家設(shè)立高等學(xué)校學(xué)生勤工助學(xué)基金和貸學(xué)金，并鼓勵高等學(xué)校、企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、社會團(tuán)體以及其他社會組織和個人設(shè)立各種形式的助學(xué)金，對家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的學(xué)生提供幫助。
The state establishes the fund and loans for work-study programs for students of institutions of higher learning, and encourages institutions of higher learning, enterprises and institutions, societies as well as other social organizations and individuals in the establishment of various forms of grants-in-aid to provide assistance for students whose families are financially difficult.

獲得貸學(xué)金及助學(xué)金的學(xué)生，應(yīng)當(dāng)履行相應(yīng)的義務(wù)。
Students who obtain loans and grants-in-aid should fulfill corresponding obligations.

第五十六條 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生在課余時間可以參加社會服務(wù)和勤工助學(xué)活動，但不得影響學(xué)業(yè)任務(wù)的完成。
Article 56 Students of institutions of higher learning may participate in after-school social services and work-study activities, however these must not adversely affect the completion of tasks of schoolwork.

高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)對學(xué)生的社會服務(wù)和勤工助學(xué)活動給予鼓勵和支持，并進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)和管理。
Institutions of higher learning should encourage and support students' social services and work-study activities and provide guidance and administration.

第五十七條 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生，可以在校內(nèi)組織學(xué)生團(tuán)體。
Article 57 Students of institutions of higher learning may organize students' societies within the institutions.

學(xué)生團(tuán)體在法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)活動，服從學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理。
Students' societies carry out activities within the scope prescribed by regulations and shall be subject to the leadership and administration of the institutions.

第五十八條 高等學(xué)校的學(xué)生思想品德合格，在規(guī)定的修業(yè)年限內(nèi)學(xué)完規(guī)定的課程，成績合格或者修滿相應(yīng)的學(xué)分，準(zhǔn)予畢業(yè)。
Article 58 Students of institutions of higher learning who qualify in ideology and moral character, complete the prescribed courses within the prescribed length of schooling and are up to standard in results or study and obtain corresponding credits shall be permitted to graduate.

第五十九條 高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)為畢業(yè)生、結(jié)業(yè)生提供就業(yè)指導(dǎo)和服務(wù)。
Article 59 Institutions of higher learning should provide employment guidance and services for graduates and students who have completed the courses.

國家鼓勵高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)生到邊遠(yuǎn)、艱苦地區(qū)工作。
The state encourages graduates of institutions of higher learning to work in border regions, remote areas and difficult areas.

第七章 高等教育投入和條件保障
Chapter VII Guarantee for Input and Conditions of Higher Education

第六十條 國家建立以財政撥款為主、其他多種渠道籌措高等教育經(jīng)費為輔的體制，使高等教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展同經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會發(fā)展的水平相適應(yīng)。
Article 60 The state establishes the system of financial allocation as the main source to be supplemented by raising funds for higher education through various other channels to make the development of the cause of higher education to be commensurate with the level of economic and social development.

國務(wù)院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府依照教育法第五十五條的規(guī)定，保證國家舉辦的高等教育的經(jīng)費逐步增長。
The State Council and people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government ensure gradual increase in funds for state-run higher education pursuant to the provisions of Article 55 of the Education Law.

國家鼓勵企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、社會團(tuán)體及其他社會組織和個人向高等教育投入。
The state encourages enterprises and institutions, societies as well as other social organizations and individuals to provide input into higher education.

第六十一條 高等學(xué)校的舉辦者應(yīng)當(dāng)保證穩(wěn)定的辦學(xué)經(jīng)費來源，不得抽回其投入的辦學(xué)資金。
Article 61 Sponsors of institutions of higher learning should guarantee the stable source(s) of funds for running a school and must not withdraw the funds he/she/they put in running the school.

第六十二條 國務(wù)院教育行政部門會同國務(wù)院其他有關(guān)部門根據(jù)在校學(xué)生年人均教育成本，規(guī)定高等學(xué)校年經(jīng)費開支標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和籌措的基本原則；
Article 62 The department of education administration under the State Council provides in conjunction with the other departments concerned under the State Council for the standards for expenditures of funds and the basic principles of fund-raising of institutions of higher learning on the basis of per capita annual educational cost of students in school;

省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府教育行政部門會同有關(guān)部門制訂本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)高等學(xué)校年經(jīng)費開支標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和籌措辦法，作為舉辦者和高等學(xué)�；I措辦學(xué)經(jīng)費的基本依據(jù)。
the departments of education administration of people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government formulate in conjunction with the departments concerned standards for annual expenditure of funds and measures for fund-raising of institutions of higher learning within the respective administrative areas to form the basic basis for sponsors and institutions of higher learning in raising funds for running the school.

第六十三條 國家對高等學(xué)校進(jìn)口圖書資料、教學(xué)科研設(shè)備以及校辦產(chǎn)業(yè)實行優(yōu)惠政策。
Article 63 The state adopts a preferential policy with regard to the import of books and materials and equipment for teaching and scientific research as well as school-run industries by institutions of higher learning.

高等學(xué)校所辦產(chǎn)業(yè)或者轉(zhuǎn)讓知識產(chǎn)權(quán)以及其他科學(xué)技術(shù)成果獲得的收益，用于高等學(xué)校辦學(xué)。
Returns from industries run by institutions of higher learning or transfer of intellectual property rights as well as other scientific and technological achievements shall be used by institutions of higher learning for running the school.

第六十四條 高等學(xué)校收取的學(xué)費應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定管理和使用，其他任何組織和個人不得挪用。
Article 64 Tuition fee collected by institutions of higher learning should be administered and used pursuant to relevant state provisions, any other organization or individual must not use it for other purposes.

第六十五條 高等學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)依法建立、健全財務(wù)管理制度，合理使用、嚴(yán)格管理教育經(jīng)費，提高教育投資效益。
Article 65 Institutions of higher learning should establish and perfect financial management rules in accordance with law, rationally use and strictly control the educational funds and improve the performance of educational investment.

高等學(xué)校的財務(wù)活動應(yīng)當(dāng)依法接受監(jiān)督。
Financial activities of institutions of higher learning should be subject to supervision in accordance with law.

第八章 附則
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

第六十六條 對高等教育活動中違反教育法規(guī)定的，依照教育法的有關(guān)規(guī)定給予處罰。
Article 66 Penalties shall be imposed pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Education Law for activities of higher education in violation of the provisions of the Education Law.

第六十七條 中國境外個人符合國家規(guī)定的條件并辦理有關(guān)手續(xù)后，可以進(jìn)入中國境內(nèi)高等學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)、研究、進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)交流或者任教，其合法權(quán)益受國家保護(hù)。
Article 67 Individuals outside the territory of China who meet the conditions prescribed by the state and have gone through relevant formalities may enter institutions of higher learning in China for study, research and academic exchanges or teaching, their legitimate rights and interests shall be protected by the state.

第六十八條 本法所稱高等學(xué)校是指大學(xué)、獨立設(shè)置的學(xué)院和高等專科學(xué)校，其中包括高等職業(yè)學(xué)校和成人高等學(xué)校。
Article 68 The institutions of higher learning referred to in this Law mean universities, independently established colleges(schools) and institutions of higher learning for specialties, including among them vocational higher schools and institutions of higher learning for adults.

本法所稱其他高等教育機構(gòu)是指除高等學(xué)校和經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)承擔(dān)研究生教育任務(wù)的科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)以外的從事高等教育活動的組織。
Other institutions of higher education referred to in this Law mean organizations engaging in activities of higher education other than institutions of higher learning and the scientific research institutes approved to undertake the educational task of postgraduates.

本法有關(guān)高等學(xué)校的規(guī)定適用于其他高等教育機構(gòu)和經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)承擔(dān)研究生教育任務(wù)的科學(xué)研究機構(gòu)，但是對高等學(xué)校專門適用的規(guī)定除外。
Provisions concerning institutions of higher learning of this Law shall be applicable to other institutions of higher education and the scientific research institutes approved to undertake the educational task of postgraduates, however the provisions specifically applicable to institutions of higher learning are excluded.

第六十九條 本法自１９９９年１月１日起施行。
Article 69 This Law shall come into effect as of January 1,1999.