What is Asthma

    Asthma is quite a common problem affecting a large number of people in our country – age being no bar.

    Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the respiratory air-passage. Although symptoms do not exist all the time; but during an asthma attack, normal air passage through the blocked and narrow airways becomes difficult, resulting in breathing problems, panting, coughing, or other associated symptoms.

    What happens during an asthma

    The inside wall of the airways become narrow and inflamed. They bloat up and get filled with fluid and mucus cells. Obstruction is further caused by tightening of muscles that surround the airways. This situation is called bronchospasm. In some people with asthma, the mucus glands in the airways produce thick mucus in large quantities, further obstructing the airways.

    Chronic inflammation is considered to be the major cause of an asthma attack. The inflammation may last for weeks following an attack. Most people with asthma have some degree of inflammation all the time.

    When inflammation occurs in the airways, they become sensitive. When the airways are more sensitive, a person is more probable get an asthma attack when exposed to things that trigger asthma.

    What are the warning signs and symptoms of asthma?

    Early warning signs are usually experienced before the outbreak of an asthma attack, and by recognizing these signs, early treatment can be started. These signs are unique to each person. Some early warning signs may be noticed only by the individual, while some may be noticed by other persons.

    Some common warning signs include:

    Coughing - this often becomes worse at night or early in the morning.

    Wheezing - breathing with a squeaky sound and with great difficulty.

    Shortness of breath - due to insufficient supply of air

    Fast and/or noisy breathing along with panting.

    Common symptoms of asthma include:

    Sneezing

    Mood swings

    Headache

    Stuffy and blocked nose

    Coughing

    Chin/ throat sensitivity and itching

    Feeling of tiredness

    Trouble in sleeping

    Symptoms vary from one person to another, and they also differ in severity from person to person. Sometimes symptoms can be so serious that they become life threatening.

    What are the causes of asthma?

    Although the actual cause of asthma is not known, studies have shown that several factors can lead to the outbreak of asthma. These factors include hereditary, development and growth of a person's lungs and immune system, infections, allergies and his response to the environment.

    It is difficult to conclude as to what causes asthma. We can generally say that a person is prone to asthma if-

    there is a family history of asthma, eczema or any type of allergy.

    many aspects of modern lifestyles – such as changes diet, surrounding environment, pets staying in the same house.

    smoking during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of the child developing asthma

    children whose parents smoke are more likely to develop asthma in the long run

    environmental pollution can make asthma symptoms worse

    asthma may also develop after a viral infection or any other type of infection.

    irritants or triggers found at home or workplace may lead to a person developing asthma .

    Is asthma a genetic disease?

    Although not necessarily genetic, but in most cases it is widely accepted that asthma is a disease that can be inherited if there is a family history.

    What activates an asthma attack?

    Asthma can be triggered by anything and everything. It is usually flared by allergens such as cold air, exercise, and other factors.

    Possible asthma triggers include:

    Pollen, dust, smoke, and other allergens

    Strenuous exercise or any other physical activity.

    Smoke from burning wood or tobacco

    Viral infections, cold, flu, bronchitis, pneumonia

    Strong odours, perfumes, deodorants, cleaning sprays, and chemical fumes

    If you are suffering from sinusitis, hay fever

    Laughing or crying loudly causing strain

    Sudden changes in weather, especially cold air, moisture and rain

    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

    哮喘是種常見(jiàn)疾病，在我國(guó)，大量人群（無(wú)論任何年齡段）,患有哮喘。

    哮喘是呼吸道炎癥的慢性疾病。盡管癥狀并不是長(zhǎng)期表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。但哮喘發(fā)作時(shí)，氣道變狹窄，正常量的空氣很難通過(guò)有阻礙的呼吸道，就產(chǎn)生了呼吸困難的狀況：氣喘、咳嗽或其他相關(guān)的癥狀。

    哮喘發(fā)作的狀況

    呼吸道內(nèi)壁受到感染，變窄；呼吸道膨脹，充滿液體與粘液細(xì)胞；呼吸道肌肉收縮，使呼吸進(jìn)一步受阻，這叫支氣管痙攣。有些患者發(fā)作時(shí)，粘液腺分泌出大量稠粘液，進(jìn)一步堵塞呼吸道。

    慢性炎癥一直被視為哮喘發(fā)作的主要病因。疾病發(fā)作后，炎癥會(huì)持續(xù)數(shù)個(gè)星期。大部分哮喘患者長(zhǎng)期患有某種程度的炎癥。

    呼吸道受感染后，變得很敏感。此時(shí)，一旦接觸某些會(huì)引發(fā)疾病的物質(zhì)，就很容易發(fā)作。

    哮喘發(fā)作的信號(hào)與癥狀是怎樣的？

    哮喘發(fā)病前通常會(huì)有早期的信號(hào)，如果意識(shí)到這些信號(hào)，就可以進(jìn)行預(yù)防治療。每個(gè)患者的信號(hào)都不一樣。有些發(fā)病信號(hào)，只有患者自己能察覺(jué)，而有些要靠其他人來(lái)察覺(jué)。

    常見(jiàn)的發(fā)病信號(hào)包括：

    咳嗽--通常在早晨或夜間加重。

    喘息--呼吸時(shí)帶有蕭鳴音且呼吸困難。

    呼吸急促--這是由于空氣供應(yīng)不足引起的。

    急促而帶有蕭鳴音的呼吸，氣喘。

    哮喘的普通癥狀包括：

    打噴嚏

    情緒急躁

    頭痛

    鼻塞

    咳嗽

    下巴/喉嚨敏感，發(fā)癢

    疲勞感

    難以入眠

    每個(gè)患者的癥狀各異，病情的輕重程度也不同，有時(shí)癥狀嚴(yán)重到危及生命。

    哮喘的病因

    盡管哮喘發(fā)病的準(zhǔn)確原因尚不得知，研究顯示哮喘的發(fā)作確與這些因素有關(guān)：遺傳、患者肺部和免疫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、炎癥、過(guò)敏以及他對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的反應(yīng)。

    要總結(jié)出哮喘的病因很困難。我們通常說(shuō)如果一個(gè)人存有以下?tīng)顩r，容易患哮喘。

    患有家族性的哮喘，濕疹及任何類型的過(guò)敏史。

    各種現(xiàn)代生活方式：如多變的飲食、包圍式的環(huán)境、養(yǎng)寵物。

    懷孕期間抽煙會(huì)增加孩子患哮喘的危險(xiǎn)性。

    從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，如果父母吸煙，孩子易患哮喘。

    環(huán)境污染會(huì)使哮喘癥狀更嚴(yán)重。

    病毒感染或其他類型的感染均有可能發(fā)展為哮喘。

    在家或工作場(chǎng)所中，刺激性的物質(zhì)或病源都導(dǎo)致人們發(fā)展為哮喘。

    哮喘是遺傳疾病嗎？

    雖然哮喘不一定會(huì)遺傳，但通常，人們普遍認(rèn)為如果有哮喘的家族史，那么它是可遺傳的。

    什么會(huì)誘發(fā)哮喘？

    許多事物甚至任何事物都有可能引發(fā)哮喘。通常由一些過(guò)敏源引起，如：冷空氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)及其他因素。

    以下物質(zhì)皆有可能引發(fā)哮喘：

    花粉、灰塵、煙及其他過(guò)敏源。

    過(guò)度激烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)或其他體育活動(dòng)。

    抽煙

    病毒感染、冷空氣、流感、支氣管炎、肺炎

    刺激性的氣味、香水、除臭劑、清潔劑及化學(xué)氣體。

    患過(guò)鼻竇炎、花粉熱。

    大聲地笑或哭，使肌肉緊張。

    天氣突變，尤其冷空氣來(lái)襲、潮濕和下雨。

    非固醇類抗炎藥。